In , they found permanent housing inside Austen's brother Edward's cottage in Chawton. Chawton Cottage is where Austen wrote all of her six novels, though she may have written early drafts in other homes. In , it was opened to the public as Jane Austen's House Museum. As a child, Austen would pastiche 18th century romance novels. It's a genre she satirized in her own book Northanger Abbey , published in December Austen wrote a short play called Sir Charles Grandison.
She worked on it just before finishing Lady Susan , an epistolary novel she finished writing in about Sir Charles Grandison was not published until in , well after death. The novel was made available to the public several years after her death in Austen had written 11 chapters and started a 12th.
As Austen's health declined, she created a will and listed her sister Cassandra as her heir. She also mentioned her brother Henry and his late wife's secretary Madame Bigeon. Austen and Cassandra also moved to Winchester College to be closer to her doctor. Austen died at the age of 41 from a disease that was never diagnosed. Theories about her cause of death have been swirling for years.
While the most popular has been Addison's Disease , scholars have also suggested that it was tuberculosis or a form of cancer. Most recently, the British Library published a blog post indicating that Austen had died from cataracts caused by arsenic poisoning.
Austen's final composition was a poem, dictated to her sister Cassandra three days before her death. The poem was a humorous ditty on England's rainy weather. Austen's works have also inspired modern storylines , like the novel and film series Bridget Jones' Diary by Helen Fielding, who took inspiration from Pride and Prejudice , and the Alicia Silverstone-led film Clueless , based on Emma. Goodfellas , Martin Scorsese's film, is said to be a dark adaptation of Mansfield Park.
Britain's culture minister put an immediate export ban on the ring, preventing Clarkson from taking it home to the U. Two years later, Clarkson withdrew her ownership. Austen earned nothing until she turned She mostly depended on pocket money provided by her parents. She began to earn when Sense and Sensibility was published.
Austen had to cover the publishing costs of Sense and Sensibility. Her brother Henry Austen and his wife Eliza de Feuillide helped foot the bill. Sense and Sensibility received positive reviews from critics for its "naturally drawn characters" and its plot: "the incidents are probable, and highly pleasing and interesting.
Austen didn't become a household name in her lifetime. Just after her death, her publisher destroyed the copies of her two final books , Northanger Abbey and Persuasion.
It was in the Victorian era that she began to receive acclaim for her work and was recognized as a great novelist. Although A Memoir of Jane Austen revived the buzz around Austen, it has been described as a sanitized retelling of her life. Austen-Leigh depicted her as a quiet, domestic and happy woman.
He also cited the Austen family as coming from a higher social background. As a result, she became inaccurately associated with the upper middle class.
The British Library currently houses several of Austen's manuscripts, including copies of her writing as a teenager, drafts of experimental or discarded novels and the novel she was working on the year she died.
While Austen is known for her storytelling and polished writing, Kathryn Sutherland , a professor at Oxford University who has studied Austen's original handwritten works, suggests the pages of her original drafts were riddled with spelling mistakes, grammatical errors and poor punctuation. She began to write as a teenager. In the family moved to Bath. After the death of Jane's father in Jane, her sister Cassandra and their mother moved several times eventually settling in Chawton, near Steventon.
Jane's brother Henry helped her negotiate with a publisher and her first novel, 'Sense and Sensibility', appeared in Her next novel 'Pride and Prejudice', which she described as her "own darling child" received highly favourable reviews. All of Jane Austen's novels were published anonymously. In , Jane began to suffer from ill-health, probably due to Addison's disease. During this time, Austen and her sister caught typhus, with Austen nearly succumbing to the illness.
After a short period of formal education cut short by financial constraints, they returned home and lived with the family from that time forward. Ever fascinated by the world of stories, Austen began to write in bound notebooks. In the s, during her adolescence, she started to craft her own novels and wrote Love and Freindship [sic], a parody of romantic fiction organized as a series of love letters.
Using that framework, she unveiled her wit and dislike of sensibility, or romantic hysteria, a distinct perspective that would eventually characterize much of her later writing. The next year she wrote The History of England These notebooks, encompassing the novels as well as short stories, poems and plays, are now referred to as Austen's Juvenilia.
Austen spent much of her early adulthood helping run the family home, playing piano, attending church, and socializing with neighbors. Her nights and weekends often involved cotillions, and as a result, she became an accomplished dancer. On other evenings, she would choose a novel from the shelf and read it aloud to her family, occasionally one she had written herself.
She continued to write, developing her style in more ambitious works such as Lady Susan , another epistolary story about a manipulative woman who uses her sexuality, intelligence and charm to have her way with others. Austen also started to write some of her future major works, the first called Elinor and Marianne , another story told as a series of letters, which would eventually be published as Sense and Sensibility. She began drafts of First Impressions , which would later be published as Pride and Prejudice , and Susan , later published as Northanger Abbey by Jane's brother, Henry, following Austen's death.
In , Austen moved to Bath with her father, mother and Cassandra. Then, in , her father died after a short illness. As a result, the family was thrust into financial straits; the three women moved from place to place, skipping between the homes of various family members to rented flats. It was not until that they were able to settle into a stable living situation at Austen's brother Edward's cottage in Chawton.
Now in her 30s, Austen started to anonymously publish her works.
0コメント